{"id":8200,"date":"2026-04-16T08:04:42","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T06:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/fact-sheets\/facts-for-children-and-adolescents\/"},"modified":"2026-05-13T08:35:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T06:35:26","slug":"facts-for-children-and-adolescents","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/fact-sheets\/facts-for-children-and-adolescents\/","title":{"rendered":"Facts for children and adolescents"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8200\" class=\"elementor elementor-8200 elementor-8097\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fab025 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4fab025\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a8a4ca4 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a8a4ca4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sleep in children and adolescents<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40196dcf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"40196dcf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d3671c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d3671c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6b6ff4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6b6ff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em><span style=\"color: #afafaf;\">Sleep is both a health resource and a risk factor.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><br><strong><em>Sleep deprivation is also caused by social framework conditions.<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Political action is needed:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Inclusion in the national prevention strategy (NCD) from 2029 by the FOPH, the Conference of Cantonal Health Directors (GDK), and the Health Promotion Switzerland Foundation<\/li><li>Anchoring sleep education in lower secondary education <\/li><li>Training of specialists in sleep health (Healthcare Assistants (FaBe) EFZ, social pedagogues (HF\/FH), youth workers, teachers, special education teachers, and nursing professionals)<\/li><li>Adjust structural conditions: flexible school start times and daily schedules<\/li><li>Monitor sleep among children and adolescents in Switzerland (national studies)<\/li><li>Low-threshold, evidence-based prevention services for adolescents<\/li><li>Raising public awareness of the importance of sleep health through campaigns by the FOPH and Health Promotion Switzerland<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Goal: systematically strengthen sleep health and, in the long term, safeguard health, education, and productivity.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc4834 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9fc4834\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173c051 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"173c051\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026_Schlaf_Kindern_Jugendlichen_.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M413.1 222.5l22.2 22.2c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L241 473c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L12.7 278.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.2-22.2c9.5-9.5 25-9.3 34.3.4L184 343.4V56c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h32c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v287.4l114.8-120.5c9.3-9.8 24.8-10 34.3-.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download as PDF (in German)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-770a264 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"770a264\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e948f72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e948f72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd4fedd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd4fedd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Facts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2e0185 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2e0185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>20\u201330% of children and 16\u201323% of adolescents have sleep disorders<br>Sleep problems are not a marginal issue; they affect around one in four children.<\/li><li>Too little sleep (\u22647h) significantly increases risks<br>Adolescents with \u22647 hours of sleep have more accidents (traffic, sports, work), more risk-taking behavior and substance use, and more depressive symptoms<\/li><li>21% more calories with sleep deprivation (children)<br>With acute sleep deprivation, children consume: +21% calories (kcal), +25% sugar<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ff72f8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ff72f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sleep disorders cost Switzerland\u2019s healthcare system and economy around CHF 15 billion per year. Sleep problems in childhood and adolescence are an early risk factor for later health, social, and economic burdens. <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91da0da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"91da0da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3769a11 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3769a11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Problem<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d626ca9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d626ca9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChildhood and adolescence are sensitive developmental phases in which the foundations for learning, health, and performance are laid.\nGood sleep quality is a key health resource during this phase.\nSleep deprivation directly affects brain maturation processes and is therefore not an individual issue, but a structural public health problem with long-term consequences for education, mental health, safety, and societal costs.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfcd070 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dfcd070\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b87b00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b87b00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Societal costs<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5885dc6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5885dc6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae2f359 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae2f359\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMental health\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f3136 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f3136\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sleep problems are among the earliest warning signs of later mental illness.<br>Switzerland invests heavily in treating mental disorders in adults\u2014yet prevention in adolescence is far more effective and cost-efficient, because the brain (and therefore behavior) is in a particularly sensitive and thus malleable developmental phase.<\/p><p><strong>Restorative sleep as an important health resource for mental well-being.<\/strong><\/p><p><em><strong>Sleep education reduces long-term pressure on healthcare, social, and education systems.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecff564 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ecff564\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6923a17 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6923a17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEqual opportunities\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b7045e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b7045e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sleep deprivation does not affect children and adolescents equally<\/strong><\/p><p>Socially disadvantaged families are more often affected by unfavorable living conditions (noise, cramped spaces, sense of safety), irregular working hours, and high family and social stress\u2014all factors that have been shown to affect children\u2019s and adolescents\u2019 sleep.<\/p><p><strong>Unfavorable sleep conditions therefore amplify social inequality.<\/strong><\/p><p><em><strong>Restorative sleep is an important health resource for equal opportunities.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11fa0a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11fa0a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d8f446 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d8f446\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEducation policy:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba7abe9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba7abe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sleep disorders often also mean sleep deprivation.<\/strong><\/p><p>Biologically, children and adolescents need more sleep than adults. This is important for their brain development. Sleep deprivation reduces attention, learning ability, and self-regulation\u2014basic prerequisites for (school) learning.<br>Early school start times systematically disadvantage adolescents for biological reasons.  <\/p><p><strong>Differences in performance therefore arise not only from motivation or support, but from structural conditions.<\/strong><\/p><p><em><strong>Sleep as a prerequisite for educational success. <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb0b51e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bb0b51e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-328403e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"328403e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSocietal costs\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5956a63 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5956a63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sleep deprivation in adolescents is a safety risk.<\/strong><\/p><p>These consequences cause significant societal costs\u2014alongside personal suffering. Chronic sleep deprivation increases the risk of accidents and injuries (e.g., in road traffic, sports, at work) as well as risky behavior. Attention, impulse control, and decision-making ability are measurably impaired\u2014even when no tiredness is perceived subjectively.  <\/p><p><em><strong>Chronic sleep deprivation is a risk factor that causes avoidable societal costs.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c3e58 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"95c3e58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16a843a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16a843a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why policymakers and society should act<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4dbbba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b4dbbba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e87ed8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e87ed8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe economy and future viability\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2adb5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb2adb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sleep deprivation today means tomorrow\u2019s workforce will be burdened in terms of health and cognition.<\/strong><\/p><p>Chronic sleep deprivation in childhood and adolescence impairs brain development, learning, and self-regulation and increases long-term risks of mental and physical illness.<\/p><p>This weakens key cognitive and psychosocial skills\u2014the foundations of future human capital.<\/p><p>The effects extend into working life: reduced performance, lower resilience, higher accident risk, and reduced productivity. This undermines not only individual health, but also the innovation and competitiveness of an economy in the long term. <\/p><p><em><strong>Sleep health in early life is a key investment in productivity and location quality\u2014and therefore in society\u2019s future viability.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9551bb5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9551bb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a50ece6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a50ece6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYouth protection and sustainability\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdce7d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cdce7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Childhood and adolescence are critical developmental windows.<\/p><p>Deficits in this phase can only be compensated for to a limited extent later on.<\/p><p>Sustainable policy means investing early instead of bearing later repair costs.<\/p><p><em><strong>Strengthen sleep health\u2014now. For education, mental stability, and a healthy future. <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d05f258 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d05f258\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21dcc06 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21dcc06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSocietal conditions\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3552d9b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3552d9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Causes of sleep deprivation include:<\/p><ul><li>biological development: during puberty, the internal clock naturally shifts later\u2014adolescents get tired later and at the same time have to get up early<\/li><li>digital environments: screen light, social media, and constant availability delay falling asleep and shorten sleep duration.<\/li><li>school and societal time structures: early school start times often conflict with adolescents\u2019 biological sleep rhythm<\/li><\/ul><p>A current Swiss study confirms: flexible school start times counteract chronic sleep deprivation in adolescents and have a positive effect on well-being and academic performance.<\/p><p><em><strong>Sleep deprivation is a systemic problem\u2014and needs solutions at the societal level.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f852b98 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f852b98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f49bb74 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f49bb74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>References<\/strong><br>1. Swiss Lung Association. Sleep Disorders Cost Switzerland 15 Billion. https:\/\/www.lungenliga.ch\/medien\/welttag-schlaf-2026 (2026).<br>2. Owens, J. A. &amp; Mindell, J. A. Pediatric Insomnia. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 58, 555\u2013569 (2011).<br>3. Gradisar, M., Gardner, G. &amp; Dohnt, H. Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep. Sleep Med. 12, 110\u2013118 (2011).<br>4. Moore, M. &amp; Meltzer, L. J. The sleepy adolescent: causes and consequences of sleepiness in teens. Paediatr. Respir. Rev. 9, 114\u2013121 (2008).<br>5. Roberts, R. E., Ramsay Roberts, C. &amp; Chan, W. Persistence and Change in Symptoms of Insomnia among Adolescents. Sleep 31, 177\u2013184 (2008).<br>6. Owens, J. et al. Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences. Pediatrics 134, e921\u2013e932 (2014).<br>7. Wheaton, A. G., Olsen, E. O., Miller, G. F. &amp; Croft, J. B. Sleep Duration and Injury-Related Risk Behaviors Among High School Students \u2014 United States, 2007\u20132013. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 65, 337\u2013341 (2016).<br>8. Mullins, E. N. et al. Acute sleep restriction increases dietary intake in preschool-age children. J. Sleep Res. 26, 48\u201354 (2017).<br>9. Hartstein, L. E., Wright Jr, K. P., Akacem, L. D., Diniz Behn, C. &amp; LeBourgeois, M. K. Evidence of circalunar rhythmicity in young children&#8217;s evening melatonin levels. J. Sleep Res. n\/a, e13635.<br>10. Wright, K. P., Lowry, C. A. &amp; LeBourgeois, M. K. Circadian and wakefulness-sleep modulation of cognition in humans.                     Front. Mol. Neurosci. 5, (2012).<br>11. Tomaso, C. C. et al. The roles of sleep and executive function in adolescent nighttime eating. Eat. Behav. 46, 101657 (2022).<br>12. Thorisdottir, I. E. et al. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health and substance use up to March, 2022, in Iceland: a repeated, cross-sectional, population-based study.  Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 7, 347\u2013357 (2023).<br>13. Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D. &amp; Connolly, H. Parents still matter: the influence of parental enforcement of bedtime on adolescents&#8217; depressive symptoms. Sleep 43, zsz287 (2020).<br>14. Pasch, K. Adolescent Sleep, Risk Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms: Are They Linked? Am. J. Health Behav. 34, (2010).<br>15. Jarrin, D. C., McGrath, J. J. &amp; Quon, E. C. Objective and subjective socioeconomic gradients exist for sleep in children and adolescents. Health Psychol. 33, 301\u2013305 (2014).<br>16. Hoyniak, C. P. et al. The physical home environment and sleep: What matters most for sleep in early childhood. J. Fam. Psychol. 36, 757\u2013769 (2022).<br>17. Holstein, B. E. et al. Difficulties falling asleep among adolescents: Social inequality and time trends 1991\u20132018. J. Sleep Res. 29, e12941 (2020).<br>18. Buckhalt, J. A. Insufficient Sleep and the Socioeconomic Status Achievement Gap. Child Dev. Perspect. 5, 59\u201365 (2011).<br>19. Etindele Sosso, F. A., Holmes, S. D. &amp; Weinstein, A. A. Influence of socioeconomic status on objective sleep measurement: A systematic review and meta-analysis of actigraphy studies. Sleep Health 7, 417\u2013428 (2021).<br>20. Markovic, A., Schoch, S. F., Huber, R., Kohler, M. &amp; Kurth, S. The sleeping brain&#8217;s connectivity and family environment: characterizing sleep EEG coherence in an infant cohort. Sci. Rep. 13, 2055 (2023).<br>21. Liu, J., Ji, X., Rovit, E., Pitt, S. &amp; Lipman, T. Childhood sleep: assessments, risk factors, and potential mechanisms. World J. Pediatr. 20, 105\u2013121 (2024).<br>22. Wang, Y. et al. Group-based sleep trajectories in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Med. Rev. 75, 101916 (2024).<br>23. Fattinger, S. et al. Deep sleep maintains learning efficiency of the human brain. Nat. Commun.                        8, 15405 (2017).<br>24. Albrecht, J. N., Risch, A., Huber, R. &amp; Jenni, O. G. The Power of Flexible School Start Times: J. Adolesc. Health S1054139X26000133 (2026) doi:10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2026.01.011.<br>25. Kurth, S. et al. Increased Sleep Depth in Developing Neural Networks: New Insights from Sleep Restriction in Children. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10, (2016).<br>26. Van Tetering, E. M. A. et al. The relationship between sleep difficulties and externalizing and internalizing problems in children and adolescents with mental illness. J. Sleep Res. 34, e14398 (2025).<br>27. Tarokh, L., Saletin, J. M. &amp; Carskadon, M. A. Sleep in adolescence: Physiology, cognition and mental health. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 70, 182\u2013188 (2016).<br>28. Beebe, D. W. The Cumulative Impact of Adolescent Sleep Loss: Next Steps. Sleep 39, 497\u2013499 (2016).<br>29. Dewald-Kaufmann, J. F., Oort, F. J. &amp; Meijer, A. M. The effects of sleep extension on sleep and cognitive performance in adolescents with chronic sleep reduction: An experimental study. Sleep Med. 14, 510\u2013517 (2013).<br>30. Beaugrand, M., Muehlematter, C., Markovic, A., Camos, V. &amp; Kurth, S. Sleep as a protective factor of children&#8217;s executive functions: a study during COVID-19 confinement. (2023).<br>31. Yang, F. N., Xie, W. &amp; Wang, Z. Effects of sleep duration on neurocognitive development in early adolescents in the USA: a propensity score matched, longitudinal, observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 6, 705\u2013712 (2022).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sleep in children and adolescents Sleep is both a health resource and a risk factor.Sleep deprivation is also caused by social framework conditions. Political action is needed: Inclusion in the national prevention strategy (NCD) from 2029 by the FOPH, the Conference of Cantonal Health Directors (GDK), and the Health Promotion Switzerland Foundation Anchoring sleep education [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":8099,"menu_order":87,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8200","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8200"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8287,"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8200\/revisions\/8287"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.netzwerkschlaf.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}